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Aging

1 year ago

How Is Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosed and Treated Today?

Alzheimer’s is a devastating disease that affects more than just a person’s memory. It impacts their judgment, mood and their ability to perform everyday tasks like getting dressed or even using the bathroom on their own. The impact extends beyond the individual, affecting families who watch their loved ones experience physical and cognitive decline. However, advances in diagnosis and treatment are offering new hope. Earlier detection methods and emerging therapies are changing how physicians identify and manage Alzheimer’s disease. What Is Alzheimer’s Disease? Before exploring how Alzheimer’s is diagnosed and treated today, it’s helpful to understand what the disease is. Alzheimer’s is the most common form of dementia, accounting for 60 to 80% of dementia cases. Dementia is an umbrella term for conditions that cause a decline in mental functioning, and Alzheimer’s is a specific disease that falls under this category. Causes of Alzheimer’s Disease Understanding these underlying brain changes helps explain why modern diagnostic tools focus on detecting amyloid and tau abnormalities. So, what are the causes of Alzheimer’s disease? Scientists have worked tirelessly in recent years to discover the root causes of the condition but still don’t fully understand them

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Physiology

1 year ago

Becoming an Astronaut: How Space Flight Affects Our Bodies

As children, many of us shared a similar professional goal: We were determined to become astronauts. Little did we know that NASA’s acceptance rate is abysmally low. In 2024, more than 8,000 people applied to become astronauts. Of that number, NASA will only choose between eight and 12 candidates. Beyond the rigorous selection process, one aspect of being an astronaut that we likely didn’t consider as children is the effect space flight has on our bodies. With drastic changes in gravity and no atmosphere to shield us from the sun’s UV rays, several short- and long-term changes can occur in our bodies while in space. Settle in and buckle up as we explore the effects of space flight on humans and — for those still interested — the prerequisites for becoming an astronaut. Immediate Effects During Launch In addition to the adrenaline spike they may feel during the famed countdown to liftoff, astronauts may experience several other physiological changes during space shuttle launches due to increased G-forces, including: Difficulty moving limbs Tunnel vision or brief loss of consciousness A reduced ability for the heart to efficiently pump blood Bodily fluids shifting upward, which can cause fluid retention in the upper body Discomfort in the sinuses due to changes in air pressure Musculoskeletal Adaptations If you’re on a commercial mission to space, you’ll likely only be there long enough to appreciate the beauty of Earth from above, notice its curvature and maybe even experience a few sunsets or sunrises, depending on your positioning

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Medical School

1 year ago

Comparing Graduate Credentials: Medical Physiology vs. Microbiology

If you’re considering a graduate credential, we salute you! The path to securing your dream position can be a long one, and a graduate certificate or master’s degree is often the first step in advancing your career, especially in STEM-related roles. If you’ve narrowed down your graduate options to medical physiology and microbiology, it’s helpful to understand the similarities and differences between these fields. While these programs may share similar credit requirements and a strong foundation in fundamental biological concepts, they also have some distinct differences. Let’s explore these differences and help you determine which program aligns best with your professional goals. Program Curriculum A significant difference between a graduate credential in medical physiology and one in microbiology lies in each program’s framework and content: Medical Physiology If you’ve ever asked yourself, “Should I take anatomy and physiology for medical school?”, the answer is yes. Courses focused on anatomy and physiology provide essential knowledge that will help you succeed in medical and other professional schools. The University of Florida’s online MS in medical physiology and pharmacology program offers a broader application of biological sciences, integrating human and medical physiology into clinical settings. It also emphasizes key areas of pharmacology, preparing graduates for roles such as clinical research coordinator, medical educator or healthcare consultant. Microbiology In contrast, a microbiology program concentrates more specifically on microorganisms and their effects on humans and the environment

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Aging

1 year ago

Cybernetics: Technology That Extends Human Longevity

The term “cybernetics” evokes images of the human-robot hybrids featured in science fiction novels and superhero sagas. Characters like Iron Man and the Six Million Dollar Man were fully biological humans before suffering near-fatal injuries. The introduction of advanced technology into their bodies saved their lives and enabled them to help others. While these types of cyborgs remain in the realm of fiction, cybernetic technology is already being used to prolong the human lifespan. Cybernetics became widely known in 1948, when American mathematician Norbert Wiener published a book by that name. To Wiener, cybernetics was the “science of control and communications in the animal and machine.” This definition is broad enough to apply to today’s cybernetics efforts, though the advances in the field would have likely astonished Wiener — and may surprise you. Let’s explore a few types of cybernetics that are helping older adults live longer, more independent and fulfilling lives. Cutting-Edge Cybernetics Technology Now in Use Let’s be clear: The robotic technologies discussed here are not intended to replace invaluable human medical professionals

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Physiology

1 year ago

Sleep Physiology: The Restorative Power of Rest

We spend about one-third of our lives asleep, making it no surprise that sleep is a favorite activity for many. Yet, few of us consider the internal processes at work as we settle into bed and drift into dreamland. This is where sleep physiology comes into play. It delves into the biological processes behind sleep, exploring how our bodies regulate it, its effects on bodily functions and the different stages of sleep. So, grab your favorite pillow and join us as we uncover the essentials of sleep physiology and discover how to enhance your sleep habits for optimal rest and renewal. The Sleep Cycle Each night, we cycle through two primary phases of sleep: Nonrapid Eye Movement (NREM)NREM sleep accounts for approximately 75% of your sleep time and consists of three stages: Stage one: This brief phase occurs as you start to fall asleep and lasts about five minutes. Stage two: After we nod off, we enter a light sleep for around 25 minutes. Stage three: This is the deepest phase of NREM and often the hardest to wake from

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Aging

1 year ago

Cultural Perspectives on Aging: How the Experience of Aging Differs Around the World

When you imagine your life as an older adult, what do you envision? Some people plan on living with their children, adjusting to a comfortable intergenerational lifestyle, while others might see themselves in an assisted living facility that offers enough daily activities to feel like they’re on a never-ending cruise ship vacation. In truth, everyone’s answers will vary based on a wide range of factors, and most of them pertain to cultural perspectives on aging. Today, we’re diving into aging experiences around the world to unpack how different cultures value older adults and influence their roles in society as they progress in age. Western Cultures It’s a truth we can’t ignore: Everyone ages. Some will experience physical symptoms sooner than others, reluctantly welcoming wrinkles and gray hair. Much of Western culture, however, views aging as an unfortunate aspect of life, taking extreme measures to retain youth for as long as possible. But how does this negative cultural mindset regarding aging impact how Western society views and cares for its aging population? For many, it means that older adults rely on retirement communities and nursing homes for long-term care. As of 2024, more than 1.4 million people in the United States live in Medicare- and Medicaid-certified nursing homes. Western society often embraces individualism, which prioritizes the well-being of the individual

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Aging

1 year ago

Opportunities for Connection: 5 Benefits of Intergenerational Relationships

When you think of current public health concerns, what comes to mind? Mental health disorders, vulnerabilities in our healthcare systems and environmental pollution might be at the top of the list. One that many don’t think of? Loneliness. According to U.S. Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy, approximately 50% of adults reported experiencing feelings of loneliness in the United States — and that was before the COVID-19 pandemic. During the peak of the pandemic, especially during periods of isolation, the number likely grew, particularly among who lived alone or had limited access to technology to stay connected with loved ones. Loneliness is associated with a heightened risk of various health issues, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, dementia, depression and even premature death

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Physiology

1 year ago

Gut Flora 101: Key Functions of Gut Bacteria and Health Tips

This very second, you have trillions of microorganisms living inside your body — so many that they make up one to three percent of your entire body weight! While you have a sizable combination of bacteria, fungi and viruses swarming around inside you, most microbial cells in your body consist of different types of bacteria, many of them residing in your gut.

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Aging

1 year ago

Aging and Health Disparities: What’s Keeping Older Adults From Getting the Care They Need

As we age, our bodies’ systems begin to weaken, making us more vulnerable to illness and injury and more dependent on regular access to healthcare. Older adults need to visit medical providers more often, whether they be urologists, rheumatologists, gastroenterologists or geriatricians. Yet, despite this greater need, many older adults have less access to medical care than they did in their younger years. Let’s examine some of the reasons for this healthcare disparity. Factors Affecting Access to Care for Older Adults Cost In a 2010 United Nations survey of adults aged 60 and older from more than 30 countries, 63% of respondents reported difficulty getting the healthcare they required, primarily due to cost. Their reasons ranged from low-paying jobs to limited pensions and family support

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Physiology

1 year ago

Ozempic Explained: How It Works for Diabetes and Why Some People Lose Weight

In the United States, approximately 38 million people have diabetes. Within that population, about 95% have type 2 diabetes, a condition that affects your body’s ability to metabolize sugar, otherwise known as glucose.

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